The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.